Americans have been coming to Japan since the mid-19th century. The history of American presence in Japan began with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853, which opened Japan to international relations after over 200 years of isolation during the Edo period. As economic ties between the two countries strengthened, more American businesspeople, educators, and researchers came to Japan. Let’s look at Americans in Japan today—what they do and where they live.
What Do Americans Do in Japan?
Americans make up a smaller portion of the foreign resident population in Japan, although they are among the top 10 nationalities residing in the country. According to the latest data from the Japanese government in June 2024, around 64,842 Americans live in Japan. This number is much lower compared to other foreign communities, such as Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Brazilians, and Nepalese. Americans reside in Japan for different reasons, contributing to a range of activities and professions. Here’s a detailed look.
1. Permanent Residents (30.86%)
Among Americans living in Japan, permanent residents make up the largest percentage. Out of approximately 64,842 American residents, about 20,010 are permanent residents. This means nearly one-third of Americans in Japan have chosen to settle there long-term, possibly due to family ties, long-term work commitments, or a personal preference for living in Japan.
Americans with Japanese permanent resident visas can live in Japan indefinitely without giving up their U.S. citizenship. Japan’s immigration laws allow foreign nationals to hold permanent residency without requiring them to become Japanese citizens or renounce their citizenship from another country.
However, while they can maintain “dual residency” by living in both countries and keeping their U.S. citizenship, they must follow the laws and regulations of both nations. For example, the U.S. requires its citizens to file taxes on worldwide income, so even if they live in Japan, they must still file taxes in the U.S.
2. Spouses of Japanese Nationals (19.83%)
There are approximately 12,861 Americans married to Japanese nationals. These marriages contribute to the blending of cultures, fostering understanding and cooperation between Japan and the United States. Many of these couples raise children who are often bilingual and have a unique perspective on both Japanese and American cultures.
The presence of such families also plays a role in strengthening ties between the two nations, both socially and economically. Spouses of Japanese nationals can work in Japan under their visa status. This visa type grants permission for the holder to work in any field, and they can also apply for permanent residency after living in Japan for a certain number of years, usually 3 to 5 years, depending on their specific situation.
3. Engineering, Humanities, and International Services (13.12%)
About 8,506 Americans work in fields like engineering, humanities, and international services, contributing to Japan’s diverse workforce. Those with engineering visas work as civil engineers, software developers, system analysts, and researchers in technology and innovation, helping to advance Japan’s industries and infrastructure.
Americans with expertise in social sciences, arts, and communication work as legal advisors, translators, and interpreters under the Humanities visa, bridging cultural and linguistic gaps. Meanwhile, international service visas are granted to professionals like international marketing specialists, foreign affairs consultants, import/export managers, and international business development managers. They play a key role in facilitating cross-border business and strengthening Japan’s ties with global markets.
4. Education (8.96%) and Professors (1.22%)
A significant number of Americans (5,813) are involved in the education sector in Japan, teaching at various levels across the country. Many work as English teachers in public schools or private language schools, using their native English skills to help students improve their language abilities. Additionally, some with education degrees teach at private kindergartens or international schools, contributing to diverse learning environments with foreign languages as the medium of teaching.
The Japanese government’s JET Program (Japan Exchange and Teaching Program) also attracts many young Americans. This program invites young people to assist Japanese teachers in teaching English. It is especially popular among recent graduates and young professionals from countries like the U.S., Canada, the U.K., and Australia looking for international experience. Participants usually stay for one year but can renew their contracts for up to five years.
Beyond primary and secondary education, about 790 Americans are involved in higher education as professors at Japanese universities. They work as professors, associate professors, or assistant professors in various academic fields. Some also serve as researchers or faculty members at graduate schools, contributing to academic research and helping to internationalize Japan's educational landscape.
5. Students (7.30%)
The academic environment in Japan not only attracts American teachers and professors but also draws students. With its high-quality institutions and diverse cultural landscape, Japan has become a popular destination for American students seeking to expand their educational horizons. Currently, around 4,734 Americans are pursuing their studies in Japan.
Some of these students came to Japan to immerse themselves in its unique culture. After all, where better to learn a language than by living among native speakers? They attend language schools, where programs can range from a few months to several years. Some schools, especially in rural areas, also offer authentic experiences such as homestays, traditional cultural activities, and hands-on learning in local communities.
In addition to language studies, a significant number of American students enroll in Japanese universities to pursue undergraduate, master’s, or even doctoral degrees. Attending universities in Japan allows students to not only advance in their chosen fields but also immerse themselves in the Japanese language and culture. This experience enhances their understanding of Japan and its society, making it easier for them to pursue job opportunities in the country after graduation.
6. Intra-company Transferees (0.66%)
If you want to work in Japan, one path is to start at a multinational company in your home country and later seek an opportunity to transfer to a branch in Japan. This is exactly what about 427 Americans have done. These professionals often hold key roles in areas like management, technical support, sales, or research and development. Their presence emphasizes the strong business ties between Japan and global markets, showcasing how multinational companies are utilizing their international workforce to enhance global operations.
Where Do Americans Live in Japan?
Americans in Japan are concentrated in urban areas, with a strong preference for regions offering economic opportunities, cultural connections, and access to international communities.
Tokyo
Tokyo stands as the largest American community in Japan, with 22,007 residents, making up approximately 33.9% of the total American population. As Japan's capital, Tokyo offers unparalleled job prospects, educational institutions, and a dynamic cultural scene, making it the top choice for many expatriates. Its global influence and diverse offerings make it an ideal city for both work and leisure.
Greater Tokyo Area
The Greater Tokyo Area, including Kanagawa, Chiba, and Saitama, is home to 19.1% of Americans in Japan, totaling 14,493 residents. This region offers easy access to Tokyo’s business opportunities while providing a more relaxed suburban lifestyle.
With 6,871 American residents, Kanagawa Prefecture holds the second-largest American population in Japan, making up 10.6% of the total. The presence of Yokohama, one of Japan's largest cities, and its proximity to U.S. military bases, such as Yokosuka Naval Base, significantly contributes to this number. Kanagawa offers a quieter alternative to Tokyo while still providing easy access to the capital’s job market and amenities.
Major Urban Centers
Other major cities outside the Greater Tokyo Area have sizable American populations due to their economic opportunities and vibrant expatriate communities. These include Osaka, Hyogo, and Aichi. With 3,706 Americans, Osaka serves as a major commercial hub in western Japan. Its business opportunities, entertainment, and dining scenes attract professionals from around the world. Hyogo, home to 2,610 Americans, offers a mix of industrial jobs and cultural experiences, making it a desirable location for expatriates. Meanwhile, Aichi is an industrial center known for its contributions to Japan's automobile sector, drawing many professionals.
Kyoto
Kyoto, with its rich history and deep cultural heritage, is home to 1,930 Americans, making it one of the more prominent locations for expatriates in Japan. Known for being the former capital of Japan, Kyoto offers a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern-day living. Its temples, shrines, and traditional tea houses create an atmosphere of tranquility and inspiration, which draws many people involved in education, research, and the arts.
Okinawa
Okinawa hosts 2,830 Americans, comprising 4.4% of the total American population in Japan. The island is home to several U.S. military bases, leading to a large population of military personnel and their families. The strong cultural exchange between Americans and locals makes Okinawa unique in terms of American-Japanese relations.
Rural Areas
Rural areas in Japan, such as Tottori and Saga, have significantly smaller American populations, totaling just 211 residents. Expatriates tend to avoid these areas in favor of more urban environments, where there are greater job opportunities, access to international schools, and a stronger expatriate presence. However, living in rural areas can make expatriates stand out and, in a way, turn them into local celebrities. In these less populated regions, foreigners are a rare sight, and the presence of an American resident often attracts attention. Many locals may take a particular interest in their lives, sparking curiosity and conversations about different cultures.
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